Pride And Prejudice Novel Essays - Pride And Prejudice,

Pride And Prejudice Novel In writing, one can express feelings they can never convey aloud. Letters allow one to reveal their thoughts more personally and intimately than they can in person. Staring at a blank page of paper is definitely less intimidating than looking into someone's eyes. Communication is such an important vitality, and letter-writing the lacks loss of words, stuttering, awkward silences, and uneasiness that conversations can sometimes carry. In the novel Pride and Prejudice, letter-writing is almost as much a form of communication as face-to-face conversation. In fact, letters provide some of the most intense and important climaxes in the story, not to mention some of the most intense secrets. This method that Austen uses effectively conveys the situation without any interruption or delay. The most obvious example of a letter revealing intimate feelings is Darcy's letter to Elizabeth. After Lizzy accuses Darcy of being greedy and lying, he leaves immediately without justifying his actions. In the letter he writes her after their meeting, he explains, "You may possibly wonder why all this was not told you last night. But I was not then the master enough of myself to know what could or ought to be revealed." (pg. 137-138) Even though Darcy's character is very stubborn and intolerant, he was threatened by her forceful nature, he felt as if he couldn't confide in her. Perhaps he is intimidated more by his feelings towards her because he has never been so infatuated with a woman before. Nonetheless, his letter makes Elizabeth realize the prejudice that lies in herself, as well as her love for Darcy. Jane Bennet, Elizabeth's older sister, expresses her feelings the most through her letters to her sister. The ongoing relationship with she and Bingley often brought grief to her, which she would write about to Elizabeth. After Bingley failed to visit Jane in London, she wrote to Lizzy, "...if he (Bingley) had at all cared about me, we must have met long, long ago... I cannot understand it. If I were not afraid of judging harshly I should be almost tempted to say, that there is a strong appearance of duplicity in all this." (pg. 102) Through this letter, and many others Jane wrote to her sister, she reveals her feelings of betrayal, depression, and weakness. The only character who brings comic relief through his letters is Mr. Collins. Even in his writing his pompous, egotistic attitude is visible. The letters he wrote to the Bennet's provided a way for Mr. Collins to not only gloat about his relationship with Lady Catherine de Bourgh, but also to condescendingly rehash the Bennet family troubles without receiving a reaction. In his first letter to Mr. Bennet, he writes, "...I have been so fortunate as to be distinguished by the patronage of the Right Honourable Lady Catherine de Bourgh...whose bounty and beneficence has preferred me to the valuable rectory of this parish, where it shall be by earnest endeavor to demean myself with grateful respect towards her Ladyship..." (pg. 42) After the news is said of Lydia's running away with Wickham, Mr. Collins writes Mr. Bennet another letter, stating, "the death of your daughter would have been a blessing in comparison of this." (pg. 198) And, in yet another letter, he writes, "I am truly rejoiced that my cousin Lydia's sad business has been so well hushed up, and am only concerned that their living together before the marriage took place, should be so generally known. I must not, however,...refrain from declaring my amazement, at hearing that you received the young couple into your house as soon as they were married." (pg. 244) It is obvious that Mr. Collins uses his letters as a way to ridicule the Bennet family for their imperfections and place his station in the hierarchy of society well above theirs. Letters are not only used throughout the novel to convey feeling, but to also provide important developments. The first we hear of Lydia Bennet running away with Mr. Wickham is through a letter from Jane explaining to Elizabeth, "An express came at twelve last night...from Colonel Forster, to inform us that she (Lydia) was gone off to Scotland with one of his officers; to own the truth, with Wickham!" (pg. 182) This occurrence is a great surprise because not only is Lydia less than sixteen years old, but Wickham was, at one time, pursuing Elizabeth. The news is one of the most scandalous events in the novel, and by presenting it through a letter, Austen can more blatantly present it without any

Understanding Highway Hypnosis

Understanding Highway Hypnosis Have you ever driven home and arrived at your destination without remembering how you got there? No, you werent abducted by aliens or taken over by your alternate persona. You simply experienced highway hypnosis. Highway hypnosis or white line fever is a trance-like state under which a person drives a motor vehicle in a normal, safe manner yet has no recollection of having done so. Drivers experiencing highway hypnosis may zone out for short distances or hundreds of miles. The idea of highway hypnosis was first introduced in an 1921 article as road hypnotism, while the term highway hypnosis was introduced in 1963 by G.W. Williams. In the 1920s, researchers observed motorists appeared to fall asleep with their eyes open and continue to steer vehicles normally. In the 1950s, some psychologists suggested otherwise unexplained automobile accidents might be due to highway hypnosis. However, modern studies suggest there is a difference between driving while tired and automatic driving. Key Takeaways: Highway Hypnosis Highway hypnosis occurs when a person zones out while driving a motor vehicle, often driving a significant distance with no memory of having done so.Highway hypnosis is also known as automatic driving. It is not the same as fatigued driving, as a person may engage in automatic driving safely. Safety and reaction times are negatively affected by driving when tired.Ways to avoid highway hypnosis include driving during daytime, drinking a caffeinated beverage, keeping the interior of the vehicle cool, and engaging in conversation with a passenger. Highway Hypnosis Versus Fatigued Driving Highway hypnosis is an example of the phenomenon of automaticity. Automaticity is the ability to perform actions without consciously thinking about them. People perform daily activities automatically all the time, such as walking, riding a bike, or performing a learned and practiced skill, such as knitting. Once a skill is mastered, its possible to perform it while focusing on other tasks. For example, a person skilled at driving a car can plan a grocery list while driving. Because the stream of consciousness is directed at the other task, partial or complete amnesia of the time spent driving can occur. While driving on automatic may seem hazardous, automaticity may actually be superior to conscious driving for professional or skilled drivers. This is called the centipede effect after the fable of the centipedes dilemma or Humphreys law after psychologist George Humphrey. In the fable, a centipede was walking along as usual until another animal asked it how it moved with so many feet . When the centipede thought about walking, its feet became entangled. Humphrey described the phenomenon another way, No man skilled at a trade needs to put his constant attention on the routine work. If he does, the job is apt to be spoiled. In the context of driving, thinking too hard about the actions being performed may worsen the skill. For most drivers, the dull trance state they experience is really falling asleep at the wheel rather than hypnosis. While a person experiencing true highway hypnosis automatically scans the environment for threats and alerts the brain of danger, a tired driver starts to experience tunnel vision and reduced awareness of other drivers and obstacles. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, fatigued driving accounts for over 100,000 collisions per year and about 1550 deaths. Drowsy driving is extremely dangerous, as it increases reaction time and impairs coordination, judgement, and memory. Numerous studies have shown sleep-deprived driving is more dangerous than driving under the influence of a 0.05% blood alcohol level. The distinction between highway hypnosis and fatigue driving is that its possible to experience automaticity while being wide awake. Driving when tired, on the other hand, can lead to falling asleep at the wheel. How to Stay Awake at the Wheel Whether youre freaked out by the idea of driving on autopilot (highway hypnosis) or are tired and trying to stay awake at the wheel, there are steps you can take to improve your focus and wakefulness. Drive in Daylight:  Driving during daylight hours helps prevent fatigue driving because people are naturally more alert under lighted conditions. Also, the scenery is more interesting/less monotonous, so its easier to remain aware of surroundings. Drink Coffee:  Drinking coffee or another caffeinated beverage helps keep you awake a few different ways. First, the caffeine blocks adenosine receptors in the brain, which fights sleepiness. The stimulant increases metabolism and directs the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream, which feeds your brain. Caffeine also acts as a diuretic, meaning youll have to stop for a bathroom break more often if you drink a lot while driving. Finally, consuming either a very hot or very cold drink will command your attention. If you prefer not to take more bathroom breaks, caffeine pills are available over the counter to provide the benefits without the additional liquid. Eat Something:  Munching on a snack gives you immediate energy and requires just enough attention to keep you on task. Have Good Posture:  Good posture maximizes blood flow throughout the body, helping to keep you in top form. Crank the A/C:  Its harder to fall asleep or into a trance if youre uncomfortable. One way to achieve this is to make the inside of the vehicle uncomfortably cold. During warm months, you can turn the air conditioner down to some arctic setting. In the winter, cracking a window helps. Listen to Music You Hate:  Music you enjoy may lull you into a relaxed state, while tunes you loathe cause irritation. Think of it as a sort of audio thumbtack, preventing you from getting too comfortable to doze off. Listen to People Talking:  Engaging in a conversation or listening to talk radio requires more concentration than listening to music. For most people, its a pleasant way to pass the time while remaining clear-headed. For drivers who seek to get into the zone, the sound may be an unwanted distraction. Stop and Take a Break:  If youre driving tired, youre dangerous to yourself and others. Sometimes the best course of action is to get off the road and get some rest! Prevent Problems:  If you know youll be driving a long distance, at night, or in poor weather, you can prevent a lot of problems by making certain youre well-rested before starting the trip. Catch a nap before trips that start later in the day. Avoid taking medications that make you drowsy, such as antihistamines or sedatives. References Peters, Robert D. Effects of Partial and Total Sleep Deprivation on Driving Performance, US Department of Transportation, February 1999.Underwood, Geoffrey D. M. (2005). Traffic and transport psychology: theory and application: proceedings of the ICTTP 2004. Elsevier. pp. 455–456.Weiten, Wayne.  Psychology Themes and Variations  (6th ed.). Belmont, California: Wadsworth/Thomas Learning. p.  200Williams, G. W. (1963). Highway Hypnosis.  International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis  (103): 143–151.

Living in Small Towns is Better Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Living in Small Towns is Better - Essay Example Peace of mind can be experienced only in small towns because they are free from such problems. The fact that people living in smaller towns live longer than people living in bigger cities was proven in Japan. In one of the studies conducted on residents of Okinawa, a small town in Japan, it was proven that these residents lived for relatively long time compared to other residents of big cities. The reason for their long life was attributed to the peaceful atmosphere that existed there. The incidence of health-related problems like stroke, caused due to nervous tensions and/or emotions, was higher in big cities due to the rushed and busy life. Living a normal life mainly requires peace of mind, which is possible through a calm lifestyle and can be found only in a small town. Secondly, smaller towns are more safe and secure to live a normal life. Instances of road traffic accidents, crimes, and thefts are much lesser in small towns compared to big cities. People can travel to any place and at any time, even after midnight, without fear. Level of safety in small towns can be assessed based upon the fact that people in small towns rarely lock their doors. Road traffic accidents are also extremely rare in small towns, probably due to less heavy-vehicle and car traffic. The number of people who use cars for traveling is very less in small towns. For these reasons, smaller towns are much safer and more secure. The third good reason for living in a small town is its much cheaper and affordable cost of living. Quoting an example of the cost of utilities, in Florida, for a two-bedroom apartment, I had to pay $150 towards electricity bill, whereas in Utah, I pay only $70 for a townhouse. There is a huge difference in the cost of real estate of a big city and a small town. A friend of mine in Los Angeles pays around $1600 for a two-bedroom apartment.  

Negative views on a collges reputation Research Paper - 1

Negative views on a collges reputation - Research Paper Example The image that parents like of a college is that of well groomed, happy students who are academically focused and facing challenges that are no more difficult than the next exam. However, the exploration of self during the time period of college can lead to some risk behaviors that puts students in situations that threaten their safety. Most of the time, these situations are navigated and the parents have the illusion of a safe and secure child that is away at college. However, drinking statistics suggest that there is a better than 50% chance that their child is participating in heavy drinking once a week. The more terrifying survey result shows that college students don’t learn from the bad experiences they have while under the influence of alcohol and routinely underestimate that amount of alcohol they can drink before consequences are likely to occur (Knox and Schacht 475). When these behaviors lead to a situation that is beyond waking up with regret, an incident can occur that puts the university and the students at the center of the public stage, its reputation on the line and the safety of the students under its care in question. This happened to Duke University when members of the Lacrosse team held a party on March 13, 2006 which involved drinking and resulted in the decision to call an escort service to provide two Caucasian strippers. One African American arrived and one partial Asian woman arrived at the party, which caused some difficulties as they were not as ordered and in the end, the African American woman ended up accusing three of the members of the team, including the two captains of the team, with rape (Taylor and Johnson). The occasion of hiring strippers for athletic team parties was not uncommon on the campus and Taylor and Johnson report that as many as twenty parties that year had already occurred in which strippers had been

Personal Beliefs and homosexuality Essay Example for Free

Personal Beliefs and homosexuality Essay Homosexuality can be defined as a sexual behaviour or the attraction of people within the same sex. It is a distinguished aspect of sexuality including gender identity,social gender role and biological sex. It is a collective term reffering to both lesbians and gay men. It has been argued that the negative perception by heterosexuals to homosexuals is because they are a threat to the society. This is because homosexuals have violated the traditional sex role structure. Over the years we have witnessed battles as to whether equal rights and protection against discrimination should be extended to homosexuals. The conflict is between two dictates: should marriage be restricted to one man one woman? Or should adults committed in relationships regardless of their sexual orientation be allowed to enter civil unions? It catches my attention but with no surprise either that many Americans are denying gay men and lesbians access to their living a happy life and access to marriage. I believe that marriage is a union of love and not gender. And this is simply because a marriage union is defined by love and not hatred. Just as one does not choose to be male or female so is homosexuality. It should not be seen as an illness. And no one whatsoever should consider it as an illness and hence ashamed of being a homosexual. In American for example their exists certain personal beliefs about homosexuality. Some Americans consider homosexuality a crime and those practicing the act should be arrested. Others believe that it is just a condition that one is addicted to and can be corrected. Still others believe that homosexuality is just a neutral trait, like one being left handed; it is very normal and neutral. In my paper I will discuss some of these beliefs in support of my thesis question: should personal beliefs of everyone in America affect the rights of homosexual people to living happy lives and access to marriage? The warfare Theologians and scientists often have minimal conflicts within themselves. This is because none of the larger group is interested in the field of the other. When it comes to homosexuality it raises brows of both parties. This is a major area that has seen both theologians and scientists promoting their own beliefs in. According to scientists an adult’s human sexuality comes in three different orientations. These orientations are completely normal and interchangeable. No one chooses any of the orientations. One is heterosexuality where one is sexually attracted to a member of the opposite sex. Two is homosexuality where an individual is attracted to members of the same sex. And three is bisexuality where we have a smaller minority who are attracted to both men and women. Religion claims that homosexuality is mentioned in both the Bible and the Qur’an. Hence it is a topic of major study by theologians. There exist two groups of religiou0s beliefs. One is by religious conservatives who believe that there is freedom of error of the bible. According to their biblical interpretation of the bible, homosexuality is completely an abnormal, chosen and unnatural behavior that can be changed. Another group referred to as religious liberals take the bible as a historical book. They consider the scientists explanations about sexual orientations and they believe that just as heterosexuality homosexuality is normal, unchosen and natural sexual orientation. The above passage gives two definitions of homosexuality. According to religious conservatives, homosexuality is what a person does. According to Scientists it is one of the three sexual orientations. Public beliefs: Gender biliefs The gender bilief system is defined as a set of biliefs and views about qualities of masculinity and feminity about males and females respectively. People tend to respond to others by assuming that what is masculine is not feminine and vise versa. Another factor included in this set of beliefs is the different roles of different sexes. These are some of the traditional patterns of defined gender roles,therefore a different perception is percieved to those who violate these patterns including homosexuals. A common judgement is faced by men who posses feminine characteristics(gay) and women having masculine characteristics(lesbian). They people are always viewed negatively by the society. This bilief therefore holds that heterosexuals dislike both gay men and lesbians because they are stereotipically having crossed gender characteristics ,traits, and roles. This bilief tends to hold much to the traditional roles of male and females. But it is evident that this bilief is outdated and becomes unreliable because times have changed and the current society believes in freedom. Freedom to choose what kind of life to lead. It is not necessary that a man feminine is gay or a female masculine is a lesbian. Hence it is a bit difficult to judge an individual according to the sex characteristics he or she displays in his or her style of living. Religious biliefs Religion is different in different societies. Christians for example argue that the bible forbids homosexuality. But in christianity there has emerged different denominations that interpret the bible differently. Different religions have heard different views on both sexual relations and love amongst people of the same sex. Within the Muslim community homosexuality is prohibited. Infact it is cited in the Qur’an the abominable act of the people of Lof,who are known as Sodomites who were destroyed because of their engagement in illegal sexual offences. However,some liberal muslims e. g the Al Fatiha Foundation regard homosexuality as absolutely normal. They argue that the Al Qur’an speaks against homosexual lust but it is silent about homosexual love . The Anglican communion received discord that saw a rift between the African exceptb south Africa and Anglican churches from Asia on one hand and American churches on the other hand when Canadian and American churches ordained a clergy and started blessing same sex marriages. Other churches e. g the Methodist church experienced trials from a gay clergy who some argued was a against religious principles and there were mixed verdicts that depended on Geography. These religional beliefs about homosexuals affect the different perceptions about homosexuality by different people. Some religiouis groups e. g the Hellenics view the aspect of some forms of homosexuality as sacred. Some groups e. g the Abrahamic forbid the relationship. The opposition to homosexual behaviour by religuious sectors range from quietly displ[aying homosexual activities and displays to explicitly forbiding same sexual practices and opposing acceptance of homosexuals. The support of homosexuals can be seen reflected in religion by the acceptance of individuals who are sexually heterodox in church functions. There has also been a manifestation of same sex union. Religious reasons have partly played a role in changing some gay men and lesbians. They seek to change through religious practice and faith. A recentb survey explains the analysis oof 882 homosexduals who underwent a convrsion therapy. 22. 9 percent of the attendance did not undergo any changes,some change was seen from 42. 7 percent and a 34. 3 percent showd much change. With time relgion has accepted gay men and women in their congregations. For instance in the later 20th century there was no limit to secular institutions. A larger branch of Judaism known as the Reform Judaism that is outside Israel began to facilitate gay marriages. Religious beliefs do not change the way of life of hoosexuals. I think a person should not be instructed on which religion to follow. This is because,as I have discussed above,within the religious groups there is divisions meaning no one cxonclusion has been agreed upon by thelarger group. This also means that interpretation of the bible or Qur’an is different amongst different people. Therefore no one at any one point should decide how one is going to lead his or her life. It is a personal decision either to be or not tyo be homosexual. The polls Homosexuality is considered as one of the major topics of concern in America and especially North America it has been under debate for several times. The debate is between religious conservatives and supporters for equal rights to homosexuals and bisexuals. I will discuss some f the public views in relation to rights of homosexuality. It is a point to note that with time there has been a rapid change in America in regard to legality in interracial marriages. I feel it is only logical to embrace change and accept homosexuals as part of our society and stop judging them negatively. Currently sex marriages are acceptable to those residing in the Netherlands. Dutch lawmakers decided to rewrite the laws so that gay people and lesbians were accommodated therein. They are accepted top marry and enjoy all rights and privileges of married people. By mid 2004 the Canadian government received orders from courts on arrangements to offer civil unions amongst homosexuals. In 2001 there was a U. S poll that was conducted in high school seniors. From the research it was clear that a majority had support for equal rights for both lesbians and gay men. This support was at a remarkable higher level than their parents on homosexuality. However in North America there was much opposition on the legality of equal rights to homosexuals. The general public belief is that special rights that were reserved for heterosexuals and whether to extend or deny the same top homosexuals should be determined through polls. According to me this belief is really dangerous because, if the state will deny the minority some rights then it follows that we are not really safe here in America. And since every member of this society is a member of a certain minority then it beats logic to deny them rights. Morality and legality Many individuals here in States still regard homosexuality as immoral and illegal. Homosexuals are discriminated in the work place and sometimes even by the society. Conservative Christians still regard homosexuality as sinful and an acceptable behavior. It is perfectly moral if sexual behavior is non-manipulative, safe and consensual and above all between two people who love and care about each other and are in a committed relationship. Just as heterosexuals homosexuals never choose to be what they are. It is therefore illegal to discriminate this social group that is part of our society. They are supposed to be treated equally and fairly. Equality Homosexuals reside in our society. Since it is only normal to be a homosexual. And since several religious groups accept the laws governing homosexuals in the work place, there is no point of discriminating against them in the society. They should be given equal rights and access to civil unions since they are in no crime caring and loving each other. It will be unfair to deny them these rights because they are among the three sexual orientations and they are not acting homosexuals but were born so. Liberation Every member of a society needs liberal position. When two individuals are in love and are committed to one another they deserve liberty. It is only fair to accord homosexuals liberty and freedom to express their love to one another since they are responding(part of the three sexual orientations) to nature and doing no one harm. Conclusion Research shows that there is much and widespread prejudice against homosexuals. The society still views homosexuals as immoral people. Further research by Berril in 1992 and D’Augelli ion 1989 in the American society shows that negative attitude towards homosexuals are often acted on through physical and verbal aggression. In the research by D’Augelli,50 percent of homosexual students repoorted that they have overheard awful comments,that verbal insults were experienced by 26 percent of the gay and lesbian population,26 percent were threatened through physical assault and 23 percent said they were victims of assault. I choose this topic because it is realy fascinating that traditionally like in the olden Greek there existed homosexuals but it did not take a society notice. Traditionally,marriage was percieved as a sacred matrimony between man and wife. The core purpose of marriage was children. And therefore ,traditionally marriage without siring children is meaningless. Recently homosexuality has become a central topic of discussion. The society and the world at large has received many arguments of whether to or not to legalize gay relationships. It is with the many challenges thjat face this topic that I decided to have a wider look on this topic. The gender set of biliefs is a rampant view among many individuals. It has an impact amongst men and women. Gender is seen in the society as one of the major stable constructs. Those having an aspect of a particular gender are supposed to have characters of that particular gender. This beliefs make the society have different junjements on men feminines and women masculines as gay and lesbians respectively. This is among the stereotype biliefs and as I have explained before it is a biased bilief. Over time we have seen religion adjusting abit and some religious groups are accepting homosexuals in their congregation and even go as far as uniting gay partners. Religions have broken up into denminations where others are supporting homosexual relationships and others do not. The traditional aspect of marriage is totally different now from the old perspective. From the above discussed beliefs it is clear that homosexuality is still percieved negatively by the society. Over time the law has tried to come in between to ammend a law that may govern such relationships. Most people still argue that there is freedom of choice and therefore do not agree in the ammendment of a law to abolish gay relationships. To the homosexuals who choose to remain in their relationships it is a choice. There is no particular law that forbids one from establishing a homosexual relationship and at the same time there is freedom of worship. This does not bind one into following a particular relationship in as much as most religions regard it a sin to have a relationship with a same sexual fellow but my argument is that a sin is sin. And therefore if one chooses to be or not to be a homosexual is personal. Who cares what the society is going to have what perception with your personality. I therefore conclude by saying that this research is not realy giving a solution as to whether gay or homosexual relations should be stoped but rather embraces the fact that every social being has freedom of choice of what to do with his or her social life. I have explained some of the personal beliefs and noted that both are personal decisions and therefore no one is to judge the other on what life to lead.

Chromosome replication Essay example -- essays research papers

Precise chromosomal DNA replication during S phase of the cell cycle is a crucial factor in the proper maintenance of the genome from generation to generation. The current â€Å"once-per-cell-cycle† model of eukaryotic chromosome duplication describes a highly coordinated process by which temporally regulated replicon clusters are sequentially activated and subsequently united to form two semi-conserved copies of the genome. Replicon clusters, or replication domains, are comprised of individual replication units that are synchronously activated at predetermined points during S phase. Bi-directional replication within each replicon is initiated at periodic AT-rich origins along each chromosome. Origins are not characterized by any specific nucleotide sequence, but rather the spatial arrangement of origin replication complexes (ORCs). Given the duration of the S phase and replication fork rate, adjacent origins must be appropriately spaced to ensure the complete replication of each replicon. Chromatin arrangement by the nuclear matrix may be the underpinning factor responsible for ORC positioning. The six subunit ORC binds to origins of replication in an ATP-dependent manner during late telophase and early G1. In yeast, each replication domain simply contains a single ORC binding site. However, more complex origins are characterized by an initiation zone where DNA synthesis may begin at numerous locations. A single round of DNA synthesis at each activated origin is achieved by â€Å"lic...

Hammurabi’s code: was it just Essay

Hammurabi, the king of the small city-state of Babylon, ruled for 42 years making 282 laws being written in cuneiform. Together, these 282 laws carved onto a large stone, make up what has come to be known as Hammurabi’s code. Hammurabi’s code was not just because some of the laws were not only greatly exaggerated towards those accused of crimes, but also the consequences of the suggested crimes were unfair and cruel when viewed through the 21st century perspective. Hammurabi’s code is known to have been inscribed into stone in cuneiform. Because laws were most literally written in stone, the laws could never be altered or changed to suit situations or† new times† better. This is seen as unfair in the 21st century perspective because, for example, the United States constitution can be added onto and laws, or amendments, can and have been, repealed while none of this could’ve have been done to Hammurabi’s code.. (Doc A) Even though Hammurabi’s intentions seem to be good by making the intention of the codes to protect the weak from the strong as well as the widows and the orphans, these laws come off a bit harshly (Doc B) .For instance, it is an exaggeration for a married lady to be caught in an affair with another man and to then be punished by being tied together and being drowned (Doc C, Law 129). With the values that the people in the 21st century have, this punishment would be perceived as immoral. Rather than being sentenced to death by suffocation, fornication can be solved through discussion and forgiveness or by divorce. Another example of these harsh codes would be the excess of cruelty for a sons hand to be cut off for striking his father (Doc C, Law 195). In both 21st century and 4,000 years ago, the son’s action is seen as wrong and disrespectful, but the amputation of a sons hand is simply unethical. A more proper castigation would be to correct your son through parental discipline, or disowning him, or if he is of age, to bring him forth to court. An additional reference to an inhumane punishment would be the death, or hanging, of a robber in the same hole in which he made to break an entering into a home (Doc D, Law 21). An alternative correction to this crime would  be for the intruder to be tried in court, and if found guilty of charge, to be sentenced to a fair amount of years for his crime in jail. Although, through the perspective of the 21st century, most of these laws seem unethical, through the perspective of Hammurabi 4,000 years ago, some can be seen as fair or even balanced given to the hard realities civilization faced in ancient times. Even if these laws were moral 4,000 years ago, they are not ethical or viewed as just today because the consequences of the crimes are exaggerated and cruel. To be able to further prove that these codes were foul, a journal of those who were appointed guilty and punished would be great proof of how unfair these castigations were.